{"id":49,"date":"2021-05-03T16:36:01","date_gmt":"2021-05-03T16:36:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/?page_id=49"},"modified":"2021-10-25T10:18:53","modified_gmt":"2021-10-25T10:18:53","slug":"insight","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/index.php\/insight\/","title":{"rendered":"Insight"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" src=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/DSC04167-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"46\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/DSC04167-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/sony-dsc-2\/\" class=\"wp-image-46\" srcset=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/DSC04167-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/DSC04167-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/DSC04167-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/DSC04167-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/DSC04167-2048x1362.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/DSC04167-150x100.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">What happens to the <a href=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/The-UX-Brexit-and-the-WTO.pdf\">UK in the WTO after Brexit<\/a>?<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">We&#8217;ve heard a lot about the Wild West World of <strong>cryptocurrencies<\/strong>. What was <a href=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Crypto-Canada-2018.pdf\">Canada&#8217;s regulatory response<\/a>?<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">With the <strong>dispute resolution<\/strong> mechanism of the WTO in the doldrums, there is renewed attention to dispute resolution under regional trade agreements. <a href=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/WTO-FTA-Interface.pdf\">This is not a new topic<\/a>, but in the past three years, has gained added urgency. There are not many examples, but one of the most significant was the <a href=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/NAFTA-Chapter-20-Supply-Management-case-analysis.pdf\">NAFTA Chapter 20 Supply Management case<\/a>.<\/span> <span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">This paper built on a presentation I had given at Columbia University,<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Behboodi-ColumbiaU-Dog-that-did-not-bark-20130408.pdf\">&#8220;The dog that did not bark&#8221;<\/a><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">.<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">As 2020 came to a close, for all the disruptions of the Pandemic and challenges of a dysfunctional WTO, there was good news in the world of international trade law: the conclusion of negotiations for the <strong>Regional Comprehensive and Economic Partnership (RCEP)<\/strong> in the Asia-Pacific. I gave a <a href=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Trade-Dispute-Resolution-in-the-RCEP.pdf\">brief presentation<\/a> on the dispute resolution mechanism of the RCEP along with a distinguished panel of experts.<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">The Twelfth Ministerial Conference (MC12) is soon upon us. Among the most important topics that Ministers have to address to make the WTO fit-for-purpose is the <strong>structure of negotiations and decision-making<\/strong>. This, too, is not a new topic: I gave a talk on <a href=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Variable-geometry-and-the-WTO.pdf\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Variable-geometry-and-the-WTO.pdf\">&#8220;Variable Geometry&#8221;<\/a> in the early aughts that remains relevant (even if I might disagree with some of my own conclusions).<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">These days, it seems as if we talk about free trade agreements or regional integration in the context of everything other than actual free trade. As mentioned above, there is renewed interest in regional dispute resolution. There is also renewed interest in incorporating <strong>environmental considerations in FTAs<\/strong>. There is much more existing complementarity, as I discuss in a <a href=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/LexisNexis-News-Analysis-Greening-Trade\u2014environmental-complementarity-in-new-trade-initiatives.pdf\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/LexisNexis-News-Analysis-Greening-Trade\u2014environmental-complementarity-in-new-trade-initiatives.pdf\">brief note<\/a>, than meets the eye.<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">As of this update (9\/21), <strong>carbon-pricing<\/strong> is all the rage. As it should be. The EU has now the template for a carbon border adjusted mechanism and China has implemented one of the largest emissions trading schemes in the world. Is this going to be enough?  Or all of this is merely another &#8220;disguised barrier to international trade&#8221;?  In a <a href=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/GT-GJIL190041.pdf\">2019 paper<\/a>, I identified the trade-distorting effects of <strong>sector-specific emissions trading mechanisms<\/strong> and proposed how they could be caught using the existing legal and institutional framework of the WTO.<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">International trade negotiations and competition issues have intersected throughout my career, starting with my first posting in Brussels. As the first Deputy Commissioner for Competition Promotion at Canada&#8217;s Competition Bureau, I had the honour of launching the Competition Promotion Branch. The Branch was responsible for negotiating both international cooperation agreements with other competition authorities, and competition chapters (skeletal and rudimentary as they were and remain) in trade agreements. The Branch was also responsible for competition <em>advocacy<\/em>. In my last major advocacy exercise in Canada, I delivered a <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DCCP-Behboodi-Trade-and-Competition-20150602.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">speech<\/a> on how trade law in necessarily dependent on a functioning competition framework.<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">My last substantive speech as Deputy Commissioner was at Pembroke College, Oxford. It was on a topic that was, and remains, close to my heart, even as the market has somehow dealt with the early controversies: the interaction between <strong>&#8220;disruptive&#8221; or transformative technologies<\/strong>, legacy interests, and regulatory interests. A true collaborative effort at the Bureau, the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DCCP-Speech-Pembroke-College-2015-Disruptive-Technologies.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">paper<\/a> was well-received by peers, some of whom have become good friends over the years.<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">I had the privilege and the honour, early in my trade law career, to represent Canada in <strong>two significant cases before the WTO<\/strong>: <em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/tratop_e\/dispu_e\/cases_e\/ds70_e.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Canada &#8211; Aircraft<\/a><\/em> and <em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/tratop_e\/dispu_e\/cases_e\/ds46_e.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Brazil &#8211; Aircraft<\/a><\/em>. My participation in these cases ended after the Appellate Body reports were distributed in the 21.5 cases. Three papers came out of that work. <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/The-Aircraft-Cases.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Two papers<\/a> were purely descriptive; these were published in the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/canadian-yearbook-of-international-law-annuaire-canadien-de-droit-international\/article\/abs\/aircraft-cases-canada-and-brazil\/20C3464D43885BB2035615CD8C468210\" target=\"_blank\">Canadian Yearbook of International Law<\/a>. The third, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Should-means-shall.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;&#8216;Should&#8217; means &#8216;shall'&#8221;<\/a>, published in the Journal of International Economic Law, was analytical &#8211; and critical. The critique, in turn, followed up on my <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/kluwerlawonline.com\/journalarticle\/Journal+of+World+Trade\/32.4\/TRAD1998032\" target=\"_blank\">1998 paper<\/a>, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/LegalReasoning.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;Legal Reasoning and the International Law of Trade \u2013\u00a0<em>The First Steps of the Appellate Body of the WTO<\/em>&#8220;<\/a>, in which I underlined the importance of critical engagement with the judicial instances of the WTO.<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">As part of that critical engagement &#8211; this time, not just with the judicial instances of the WTO, but with the academic community <em>as a practitioner<\/em>, I served as rapporteur for a workshop held at the University of Leuven. It was a remarkable gathering of experts, and the results of our very engaging conversation about <strong>the judicial function in international trade law can <\/strong>be found <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/AB-Vienna-Convention-Workshop.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/span> <\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What happens to the UK in the WTO after Brexit? We&#8217;ve heard a lot about the Wild West World of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":175,"href":"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49\/revisions\/175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/genevatradelaw.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}